Women Empowerment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Women Empowerment - Research Paper Example Because of the stated situation, it appears that the research industry also gives a lesser amount of attention towards the said field in relation to back injuries, specifically in the South African region. It is in this light that this paper attempts to analyze and understand the condition of female gymnasts in South Africa in association with the common back injuries they usually encounter. Age of the gymnast is an important element in this study since the physique of the body varies depending on the maturation period of an individual. For instance, the built of the body of an infant is not the same from the structure of the body of a person who is already on his or her childhood, adolescence or adulthood. Gender also plays a significant role in this research because, similar with age, it determines the body type in certain stages of development as described by Marshal and Tanner (2000). During the puberty stage of development, boys and girls have differences and similarities in terms of the changes that they experience with regards to their bodies. In this developmental stage Piaget (2000) mentioned that it is the perfect moment where an athlete realizes his or her importance in sport or the perceptual-cognitive approach to the role the athlete has in sport. The body structure as determined by age and gender is one of the important factors in gymnastics since the whole body is involved in this kind of sports. Intensity of training depends on the age and growth of the person which automatically involves the general health condition. Even though the whole body works in gymnastics, it is the lower extremities that are given due value. It is because of the reason that the lower extremities are the ones responsible for the skill necessary for balance in the course of landings from dismounts and tumbling. Aside from this, the lower extremities also grant the locomotive power and speed for the whole body. These are few of the causes why lower back injuries occur. Relative to the results of the study, most of the participants were in the puberty stage, age ranging from 12 years old to 14 years old. This means that the changes in the body, as provided by the natural development brought by the puberty stage of an individual, were also in its peak. Rogol, et al., (2000) mentioned that puberty largely affect the structure of the body, including some proportions of water, muscle, fat, and bone. Equally relative with the age of the majority of the gymnast respondents

Meaning Of Socio-Cultural Factors Involved In Education Research Paper

Meaning Of Socio-Cultural Factors Involved In Education - Research Paper Example A test score that is two standard deviation from the mean implies a Z-score of -2.0 that is associated with -2.00. The numeral -2.00 follows through the intersection of the row of -2.0 in the z column and the column associated with .00 of the table. Following protocols followed for the table of the normal curve, the numerals mentioned earlier are associated with the value of 0.0228 that gives area under the normal curve. The area of normal curve 0.0228 is associated with the probability associated with the lowest scorer with the score associated with two standard deviations below the mean. This means that more precisely the student we are discussing belong to bottom 2.28% of the grade sevens, following the association of 0.0228 with 2.28%. Meanwhile, a score of 115 given of 100 and standard deviation of 15 implies a z value of 1.15 following standard transformation formation protocols. In turn, the z-score of 1.15 is associated with the area 0.8749 under the normal curve based on Tab le 1. The student we are discussing belong to the bottom 87.49% of the grade sevens. Described in another way, only 12.51% of the students of grade seven are ahead of our student. We can also say that our student belongs close to the top 13% of the grade sevens. If there are only 100-grade sevens, our student closely belongs to the best 13 students of the grade sevens. We can say that our student is one of the â€Å"laggards† with regard to performance in reading but one of the best with regard to performance in mathematics.

Impact of the Black Death on Art in Europe

Impact of the Black Death on Art in Europe How significant was the Black Death for painting in Siena, Florence and  Padua in the second half of the fourteenth century? From 1280 until the advent of the Black Death, Florence, Siena and Padua had been growing in wealth and size, but the outbreak of disease in 1348 and the years following led to the deaths of between a half and two thirds of their populations (Norman, 1995, II, 8). This ‘catastrophic fall’ led to the culmination of many building projects, notably the construction of the Duomo Nuovo in Siena (Norman, 1995, II, 135), but the significance of the Black Death with respect to painting is disputed. Since the publication of Meisss work, Painting in Florence and Siena After the Black Death (1951), the connection between the Black Death and a change in art during the second half of the fourteenth century has been the subject of discussion among art historians. Henk Van Os, for example, argues that Meiss was not the first to identify this trend, but that he was the first to attribute it to the social and religious upheaval which accompanied the Black Death (Van Os, 1981, 238). There has been much discussion as to whether the Black Death could be seen as quite the decisive event that Meiss alleged. The debate focuses on three crucial areas of thought: firstly, whether the works that Meiss cites are correctly dated (i.e. whether they can with certainty be placed before or after 1348); secondly, whether the Black Death was actually a causative factor in the perceived change in style; and, thirdly, whether there was one shift or several in the artistic course of the fourteenth century. In view of these disputes, we must beware of taking too simplistic an approach. For an example of the first element of this debate, we can look to the Triumph of Death in the Camposanto at Pisa and Barna da Sierras frescoes in the Collegiata of San Gimignano, both cited by Meiss as being typical of artistic production after the Black Death. Subsequent scholarship has cast doubt on Meiss’s theory because the former work is now believed to have been produced in the 1330s (Smart, 1978) and the latter is now dated before 1348 (Van Os, 1981, 240). We must also consider that some of the qualities most characteristic of late Trecento painting are already present, as Meiss himself was the first to recognise, in the frescoes by Taddeo Gaddi in the Baroncelli Chapel (Smart, 1978, 108). As this chapel was painted during the years 1328-34, it demonstrates an early change in style which also undermines Meiss’s thesis. The second element of the debate concerns the change in religious thought that occurred as a result of the devastation of the Black Death. Norman comments on the popularity of altarpieces depicting Saint Sebastian and the overt association of his sufferings with those of the victims of plague (Norman, 1995, I, 187-195), but there is also a subtler change in style represented by the Strozzi Altarpiece (1357). Meiss argued that painting typical of the early fourteenth century dwelt on ‘familiar and universal human experience‘ (Meiss, 1951, 28) and that it had been succeeded by a greater emphasis upon the hierarchical and dogmatic expressions of religious life, an elevation of the church and a mystification of the deity. Giotto had pioneered an artistic style that was marked by its realistic depiction of three-dimensional space, harmonious use of colour and the creation of a sympathetic response in the viewer. These features came to be characteristic of early fourteenth pain ting, yet the Strozzi Altarpiece rejects the depiction of concrete space, the figures ‘hover’ and show a ‘lack of exact spatial placement‘, the colours are ‘disjointed and uneasy‘ and the painting creates a distancing sense of awe and mystery, which Cole describes as ‘strange‘, ‘eerie‘, ‘stern and unforgiving‘ and ‘aloof’ (Cole, 1976, 134-6). Meiss argued that this style was a conscious return to the Byzantine influenced art of the previous century (Meiss, 1951, 10) and that it is a reflection of the religious emphasis upon guilt and atonement that was a reaction to the Black Death. We may also notice an interest in the symbolic rather than realistic representation of figures in the St John the Baptist Altarpiece (1370/80) by Giovanni del Biondo, where John tramples his enemy, Herod, underfoot. John has the same austere look and there is the same sense of psychological withdrawal that has been obse rved in the face of Christ in the Strozzi Altarpiece. However, in Padua it is difficult to discover much evidence for the rejection of ‘realism’ in artistic style during the second part of the century. Altichieros decoration of Lupis funerary chapel in the Santo, far from attempting to distance the viewer, uses space and form to draw the spectator in. His use of landscape reminds us of Lorenzetti and his figures are clearly inspired by Giotto, especially the women who gather near the foot of the cross and embrace in a manner reminiscent of Joachim and Anna and the angels who have the substance and expression of those we see in the Arena Chapel. The scale, proportion and design of this fresco suggest that this scene is being played out just beyond the walls of the church and that we are viewing it as though through the arches of a loggia. The colours are harmonious and subdued and there is an impression of nearness and reality. Altichiero’s style is more developed and detailed than earlier works, but its underlying in tent and spirit owes much to his legacy from the earlier fourteenth century. In Siena we also find more contradictory interpretations of the changes that occurred in the mid-century. Henk Van Os has described the way in which social upheavals following the Black Death led to profound changes in patronage: the wealthy elite lost much of their political power and a class of nouveau riche sprang up who had less interest in artistic commissioning. Much of the art became imitative and conservative and was more often commissioned in the provinces surrounding Siena. In the city itself, only the wealthy body of the Ospedale of Santa Maria della Scala, which had received many bequests from victims of the Black Death, continued commissioning new altarpieces, one of which, by Bartolommeo Bulgarini, included the Assumption of the Virgin, a painting which Van Os believes to exhibit very full, monumental figures, entirely in the tradition of Pietro Lorenzetti (Van Os, 1981, 245). He argues that this painting does not show signs of the flat, hierarchical, mystical design wh ich Meiss attributed to it, but that it takes the form of a plastically realistic version of the Assumption and so stands within the earlier traditions of Sienese painting (Van Os, 1981, 245). Certainly, the treatment of the Virgin and the use of elaborate gold effects reflect the Sienese craftsmanship established by Duccio and Simone Martini. Van Os concludes that changes in artistic production after the Black Death were principally due to different sites of patronage rather than changes in religious thought . The third aspect of the debate concerns the question of whether Meiss was right to propose that there was a single significant shift around 1348. Smart and Norman, for example, argue that the Strozzi Altarpiece was not such a significant departure as Meiss had argued because the precedent for such a depiction of Christ had been set in the Stefaneschi Altarpiece, painted by one of Giotto’s associates and dated late 1320s early 1330s (Smart, 1978, 122 and Norman, 1995, I, 184). Although many critics agree that the middle years of the fourteenth century can be described as a period of reassessment in the history of Tuscan painting (Smart, 1978, 107), there are significant arguments that that the evolution of artistic style went through a number of phases, not just one sudden change linked to the Black Death. John White discusses two stylistic changes in the second half of the fourteenth century: the first more conservative and less adventurous and the second in which exploration and experiment again came to the fore (White, 1993, 542). Cole also argues that, as well as the change in the middle of the century, there was another change in style around 1375 and a renewed interest in both the form and content of Giottos art (Cole, 1976, 140). It is clear that, since Meiss’s original theory was proposed, much work has been done by other art historians to challenge his ideas. Although the production of art in Florence in this period did take on different forms from earlier ones and the theory that this was due to the religious reaction provoked by the Black Death can be given some credence, there is less evidence of this trend in Padua and Siena. It is therefore my conclusion that the middle part of the century saw a brief set-back in artistic endeavour, which was due to the devastation caused by the Black Death, but that the fourteenth century was mostly a period of successive developments building on the work of the earlier masters. 1500 words Bibliography Cole, Bruce (1976), Giotto and Florentine Painting 1280-1375, New York. Meiss, Millard (1951), Painting in Florence and Siena After the Black Death, Princeton. Norman, Diana, ed., (1995), Siena, Florence and Padua: Art Society and Religion 1280-1400. Volume I: Interpretative Essays, London. Norman, Diana, ed., (1995), Siena, Florence and Padua: Art .Society ad Religion 1280-1400. Volume II: Case Studies, London. Van Os, HenkThe Black Death and Sienese Painting: a Problem of Interpretation, Art History, 4,1981, pp. 237-49. Smart, Alastair, 1978, The Dawn of Italian Painting 1250-1400, Oxford. White, John, 1993, Art and Architecture in Italy 1250-1400, London.

For Whom the Bell Tolls: A Study of Psychology :: essays research papers

When many think of wars, the first thought that comes to mind is the land which was fought over and which side won. They never consider the psychological side effect soldiers endure during war. For many, this is the only side they see so there is no exposure except through writers such as Ernest Hemingway. In For Whom the Bell Tolls, Hemingway captivates the realism of war through his own eyes. Drawing from his own observation and experiences as an ambulance driver, Hemingway shows the psychological damage of war through the destruction of human lives, uncommitted relationships, and lack of confidence. Hemingway’s novel is so true to his own that many consider For Whom the Bell Tolls an autobiographical piece of writing with different characters added in. These themes can be directly drawn from Hemingway's own "first hand of experience of violence" (Reynolds 23) in every major war in his lifetime as an ambulance driver and journalist. Being that Hemingway had been to every significant war in between World War I and World War II, Hemingway was no stranger to the cruelty of war and for this reason there is a strong influence of his own personal experiences with war. As Anselmo had lost many of his friends because of war, so did Ernest which had a dramatizing effect on him. Following his experiences, he had become shell-shocked. One of his most disturbing occurrences of war was when he "rode into the Fox Green sector of Omaha Guerra 2 Beach in a landing craft" (Reynolds 23). From the minute he stepped a foot on the "already bloody battle ground" (Reynolds 23), Ernest was exposed to the "high physical and emotional costs of bodily wounds"(Reynolds 21) and paid the eternal price of this corrupting episode of hatred. Many women viewed him as "a womanizer who had no respect for women" (Reynolds 24) which can show the numbness of affection he acquired from war. Before he died, Hemingway had been married to five different women, all of which lasted less than ten years long. Many would suppose that he had a good heart but that all of his emotions had just been drained out of him by the sheer emotional strife of war. This numbness then turned into guilt. Looking to fix this depression, Hemingway was in and out of clinics the latter part of his life for "electroshock therapy" (Reynolds 21) but this last attempt by his last wife was two late.

Climate Change Lab Report

I. Introductiona. In this lab, the question being investigated is, â€Å"Has climate changed over time?† b. The hypothesis is, â€Å"If CO2 levels affect climate, then the climate has changed overtime because of the increased greenhouse effect caused by higher levels of CO2 emissions.† c. Variables:1. Independent Variable: Amount of CO2 2. Dependent Variable: Climate changeII. Background InformationClimate is the weather pattern in an area over long period of time. Climate is more focused on the long term rather than day to day or week to week changes. Due to uneven heating of the Earth’s surface, climate changes depending on where the location is on the planet. Factors such as incoming solar energy, Earth’s rotation, and air and water movements all affect an area’s climate. Different levels of these factors influence the biomes on the planet.The current climate change is the warming of Earth’s atmosphere. Climate change has happened naturall y all throughout history, but never to the degree that it is now. Average global temperature and CO2 levels are rising due to human activity on the planet such as increased agriculture, raising livestock, and burning fossil fuels. Now it is known that climate change is happening for a many reasons. Scientists studying ice cores, seafloor sediment, and tree rings are all seeing how the climate change is affecting the planet.Even if immediate action is taken, there would still be lasting implications on the entire planet. Things such as rising sea levels, health implications, and severe droughts could all happen because of an increase atmosphere temperature. While some areas would be subjected to scorching temperatures, other would be plunged underwater. Warmer climate would allow for a longer breeding season for microbes and parasites. Action to stop climate change  needs to happen as soon as possible before it could get worse.III. Data AnalysisAfter looking at the data, it is clea r that the levels of CO2 in the atmosphere directly affect the temperature of Earth’s climate. As the graphs show, the higher the levels of CO2 in the atmosphere, the higher the average global air temperature is.Graph 1 shows how the rise in carbon dioxide has caused the average global air temperature to rise. For example, in 1965 the CO2 part per million (ppm) was roughly at 318ppm, and later in 2005 the CO2 levels were at about 374ppm. This clearly shows how the CO2 ppm levels have risen over time due to various human activity on the planet.In Graph 2, the average global temperature over time is shown. This graph shows how the average global temperature anomaly has risen dramatically over the course of about 120 years. In 1900 the average global temperature anomaly was -0.1, while in 2000 is was almost at 0.6.In Graph 3, the relationship between temperature and carbon dioxide is shown over very long periods of time on Earth. From 400,000 years ago until present, the lines m apping out the temperature and CO2 levels in the atmosphere have stayed almost overlapping each other the entire time. It is also shown how the CO2 levels have affected the temperature. The CO2 levels have always changed first, falling or rising, with the temperature following that same trend almost immediately after.In Chart 1, tree core data over time is shown. The growth of trees is greatly impacted by the climate that they grow in, and with warmer temperatures due to a warmer climate they will have a longer growing season allowing for thicker rings. For example, in 1600-1649 the average ring thickness on a tree has 0.24cm. Later, in 1900-1960 the average ring thickness from the same tree was 0.37cm.IV. ConclusionThe original hypothesis stated that if CO2 levels affect climate, then the climate has changed overtime because of the increased greenhouse effect caused by higher levels of CO2 emissions. The data gathered supports and accepts this hypothesis. It is shown by multiple st udies how both the CO2 parts per million and the average global temperature has risen over time. As the graphs show, the level of CO2 in the atmosphere has a direct impact on the average global temperature, causing the temperature to rise and fall as the levels of CO2 rise and fall.This lab is very important to the planet, and the everyday lives of everyone on the planet. Climate change has an impact on all life on Earth, and even just a one degree change in average global temperature could end with catastrophic results. Even with immediate action, there will still be lasting implications on the planet. People can no longer ignore the changing climate, or pretend that it’s not going to affect them. Humans have had a huge negative impact on the climate, and for the benefit of not only themselves but for life as we know it, such impacts need to be reversed.

Free Online Public Schools for Arkansas Students, K-12

Arkansas offers resident students the opportunity to take online public school courses for free. Below is a list of no-cost online schools currently serving elementary and high school students in Arkansas. In order to qualify for the list, schools must meet the following qualifications: classes must be available completely online, they must offer services to state residents, and they must be funded by the government. Virtual schools listed may be charter schools, state-wide public programs, or private programs that receive government funding. List of Alabama Online Charter Schools and Online Public Schools Arkansas Virtual Academy (off-site link)Arkansas Virtual High School About Online Charter Schools and Online Public Schools Many states now offer tuition-free online schools for resident students under a certain age (often 21). Most virtual schools are charter schools; they receive government funding and are run by a private organization. Online charter schools are subject to fewer restrictions than traditional schools. However, they are reviewed regularly and must continue to meet state standards. Some states also offer their own online public schools. These virtual programs generally operate from a state office or a school district. State-wide public school programs vary. Some online public schools offer a limited number of remedial or advanced courses not available in brick-and-mortar public school campuses. Others offer full online diploma programs. A few states choose to fund â€Å"seats† for students in private online schools. The number of available seats may be limited and students are usually asked to apply through their public school guidance counselor. (See also: 4 Types of Online High Schools). Choosing an Arkansas Online Public School When choosing an online public school, look for an established program that is regionally accredited and has a track record of success. Be wary of new schools that are disorganized, are unaccredited, or have been the subject of public scrutiny. For more suggestions on evaluating virtual schools see: How to Choose an Online High School.

The Influence of Sharing Economy for Sustainability - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1569 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/08/02 Category Biology Essay Level High school Topics: Sustainability Essay Did you like this example? Abstract With the development of economy, the sharing economy, an emerging economic model, has drawn increasing attention of both the public and government. In order to explore the influence of the sharing economy for sustainability, the survey via questionnaires were conducted in April, 2018 among professors about their attitudes and opinions towards sharing economy and social, economic and environmental sustainability. The 250 questionnaires have been answered, but only 246 are valid. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Influence of Sharing Economy for Sustainability" essay for you Create order According to the results of the survey, the sharing economy promotes human development, lets cost-saving and optimizes resources allocation, decreases emission and saves energy. Their worries are mainly due to imperfect operation and management mode of sharing economy and think sharing economy will case a waste of resources. In the future, the sharing economy should strive to improve the management mode and give full play to its positive role in sustainability. Key words: sharing economy; sustainability; questionnaires; social sustainability; economic sustainability; environmental sustainability; Introduction There is rapidly growing interest in the nature and impacts of the sharing economy amongst entrepreneurs, innovators, incumbent businesses, policy-makers, media commenters and academic researchers alike (chris,2015). In 2011, Times listed the sharing economy as one of the top ten ideas that will change the world. In the academia, sharing economy also caused a heated (Wu 2016, Zhi 2016). As the term of Sustainable Development was put forward by World Commission on Environment and Development in the report named Our Common Future (Brundtland, 1987), it attracted attention wildly. There are three types of sustainability, namely, social sustainability, economic sustainability and environmental sustainability (Wu 2016? Zhi 2016). In this paper, I will discuss what impact will the sharing economy takes to sustainability, included social, economic and environmental. From the perspective of social sustainability, scholars concluded that sharing economy will promote human development (Hancock , 2001), safety and effectiveness (Feeney et al., 2015; Lee et al., 2008) as well as offering more jobs (Fang et al., 2015) while others suggested that regulations are necessary to confront with potential problems (Harding et al., 2015; Schechner, 2016; Sun, 2015). From the perspective of economic sustainability, scholars deemed that although being cost-saving (Shaheen et al., 2007; Bonsall, 1981; Porter et al., 2011; Zhao J, 2015), shared economy may face problems like monopoly and collusion (Matzler et al., 2015; Qiang et al., 2016; Zervas, 2015). From the perspective of environmental sustainability, studies show that sharing economy will benefit environment by optimizing resources allocation (Hamari et al., 2015), decreasing emission and saving energy (Kriston et al., 2010; Belk, 2014; Martin et al., 2011; Jeremy Rifkin, 2015; Leismann et al., 2013) while also releasing pressure in other ways due to its easy accessibility (Schor, 2014; Yuliya Voytenko et al., 2015). Materials and Methods Participants A standard questionnaire was mailed to a randomly sample of 250 persons in April, 2018, which was responded by 241 (96.4%). Among the 250 respondents, all of them are professors and 156(64.7%) are male and female 35.3%. All of them are 40 to 70 years and have profound knowledge, so the results are credible. Procedure Questionnaires designed for anonymous response comprised of 9 questions. These questions can be divided into five parts with regard to their purposes: Q1 and Q2 gauged the common knowledge about sharing economy and sustainability and both of them are closed questions. The answer included four grades from high to low, which are know a lot, general understanding, know a little and never know. Q3 and Q4 want to learn the situation of the sharing economy around people so bicycle sharing, the most common case of sharing economy, is as the object of investigation. Both of them also are closed questions and their answer is also four grades for respondents to choose. Q5, Q6 and Q7 are open questions and they were designed to investigate the experts the influence of sharing economy for social, economic and environmental sustainability. I asked that the answers of Q5, Q6 and Q7 can not be less than twenty words. Q8 is a separate questions and it is also an open question. The purpose was to find out the disadvantages of sharing economy. Q8 and Q7 are similar but the purpose of Q8 was attempt to ascertain which sustainability is conducive to t he sharing economy. Results Table 1 shows that there are more people in the last options of Q1 (63.8%) and more people in the first options of Q2 (66.7%), so people know more clearly sharing economy than sustainability. Table 2 shows that although most people (96.7%) use sharing cycle, the future of sharing economy is contentious. This means the sharing economy still has problem unsolved so someone isnt satisfied with it. Table 1 QuestionKnow a lotGeneral understandingKnow a littleNever know Knowledge of sustainability(Q1)53(21.5%)36(14.6%)75(30.5%)82(33.3%) Knowledge of sharing economy(Q2)79(32.1%)85(34.6%)33(13.4%)49(19.9%) Table 2 Question Everyday Often Sometimes Never Usage of sharing bicycle(Q3)37(15.0%)92(37.4%)109(44.3%)8(3.3%) Optimistic Neutral Controversial Negative Future of sharing bicycle(Q4)84(34.1%)56(22.8%)67(27.2%)39(15.9%) According to table 3 ,sharing economy promotes social sustainable development in many ways. From the perspective of entrepreneurship, Schaltegger et al. stressed that shared economy does not only devote to the sustainability of itself but also to social sustainability (2011). Martin et al. (2011) and Bin Fang et al. Q6 shows sharing economy is believed as sustainable consumption (Albinsson et al., 2012; Gansky,2010), which is beneficial to decreasing the search cost and transaction cost (Nadler, 2014). Q8 shows that Sharing economy is expected to be highly ecologically sustainable (Prothero et al., 2011; Sacks, 2011) and highlights the resource-saving potentials of shared economy. Table 3 Question The influence of sharing economy for social sustainability(Q5)Sharing economy will promote human development, safety and effectiveness as well as offering more jobs while others suggested that regulations are necessary to confront with potential problems The influence of sharing economy for economic sustainability(Q6)Although being cost-saving, shared economy may face problems like monopoly and collusion The influence of sharing economy for environmental sustainability(Q7)Sharing economy will benefit environment by optimizing resources allocation, decreasing emission and saving energy while also releasing pressure in other ways due to its easy accessibility Table 4 shows problems remained to be settled down within regulations, included economic problems and environmental problems. From the table 5, we can learn that environmental sustainability is conducive to the sharing economy. Table 4 Question Disadvantages of sharing economy(Q8)Sharing economy may face problems like monopoly and collusion Table 5 Question Social sustainabilityEconomic sustainabilityEnvironmental sustainability Which sustainability is conducive to the sharing economy(Q9)75(30.5%)62(25.2%)109(44.3%) Discussion The purpose of this paper is to find out the relation of sharing economy and sustainability and what is the impact of sharing economy on sustainability. This paper discussed the influence of sharing economy on sustainability. From the perspective of social aspect, positive influences included improving employment, safety and effectiveness while problems remained to be settled down within regulations. From the perspective of economic aspect, sharing economy is cost-saving and innovative for yielding economic benefits while confronting with the issues like instability on supply and demand sides, collusion and monopoly. From the perspective of environmental sustainability, sharing economy helps allocate resources and decreases the emission of green-house gases. Considering the availability, it may cause more frequent uses, which is negative to the environment. Overall, there are three suggestions, Firstly, as presented above, sharing economy influences sustainability both optimistically and pessimistically. Therefore an effective design for regulation is needed. Secondly, future research is supposed to fill the gap of international-compared as well as empirical work in terms of the impact of shared economy on sustainability. Thirdly, in the banking sector, we should give preferential treatment to sharing economy entrepreneurs, such as tax and loan. The government can promote the development of sharing economy artificially. Reference [1] Chris J. Martin. The sharing economy: A pathway to sustainability or a nightmarish form of neoliberal capitalism? 2015, 7(11). [2] Kriston A, Szabà ­? T, Inzelt G. The marriage of car sharing and hydrogen economy: A possible solution to the main problems of urban living[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2010, 35(35):12697-12708. [3] Bà ¶ckmann M. The Shared Economy: It is time to start caring about sharing; value creating factors in the shared economy[J]. University of Twente, Faculty of Management and Governance, 2013. [4] Soota S. Taxi! Taxi!: The Impact of E-hailing Apps on the Singapore Taxi Industry[J]. 2016. [5] Chan J W Y, Chang V L N, Lau W K, et al. Taxi App Market Analysis in Hong Kong[J]. 2016. [6] Sloboda M. Uber in Bratislava[J]. [7] Charoen D. GRABTAXI: A Taxi Revolution in Thailand[J]. 2015. [8] Rayle L, Shaheen S, Chan N, et al. App-Based, On-Demand Ride Services: Comparing Taxi and Ridesourcing Trips and User Characteristics in San Francisco University of California Transportation Center (UCTC)[R]. UCTC-FR-2014-08, 2014. [9] Li Y, Xia T, Duan H. The Impact on Taxi Industry of Taxi-Calling Mobile Apps in Shanghai[C] //Transportation Research Board 93rd Annual Meeting. 2014 (14-3867). [10] Report T B. Our Common Future,(The Brundtland Report)[J]. 1987. [11] Hancock T. People, partnerships and human progress: building community capital[J]. Health Promotion International, 2001, 16(3): 275-280. [12] Feeney M, companies Uber R. Is Ridesharing Safe?[J]. Cato Policy Analysis, 2015, 767: 2. [13] Lee W C, Cheng B W. Incorporating e-technology to advantage in a greener taxi industry and its impact on driving performance and safety[J]. Transportation Planning and Technology, 2008, 31(5): 569-588. [14] Fang B, Ye Q, Law R. Effect of sharing economy on tourism industry employment[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 2015. [15] Harding S, Kandlikar M, Gulati S. Taxi apps, regulation, and the market for taxi journeys[J]. 2015. [16] Schechner, Sam. Technology: Uber Gears Up for French Trial Car-hailing apps top brass will face six charges in an emblematic battle. Wall Street Journal, Eastern edition [New York, N.Y] 11 Feb 2016: B.4. [17] Sun Y. Ubers Bumpy Ride in China[J]. 2015. [20] Shaheen S A, Cohen A P. Worldwide Carsharing Growth: An International Comparison[J]. Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2008, 1992(458718).