Analysis Of 1984 :: essays research papers

Analysis of 1984     In 1949, an Englishman named Eric Blair published the novel 1984. Under the pseudonym, George Orwell, this author became one of the most prise and notable political writers for his time. 1984 was Orwells prophetic vision of the world to come. This creation of Negative Utopia was thoroughly convincing through Orwells use of view and characterization. The subject field conveyed by Orwell is that no matter how strong an individual a communist society would destroy any hope that that soul had of surviving, and that no matter the reasons told to the society, that business office that the Party seeks is for no gain except for power.     The story begins in April of 1984, in a grim, industrialized city called London. London was chief city of Airstrip One, itself the trine most populous of the provinces of Oceania." The dwellings that the people live in, called Victory Mansions, are depicted as rotting nineteenth-century houses, their sides shored up with balks of timber, their windows patched with cardboard and their roofs with corrugated iron. The setting creates a mood of devastation and hopelessness, fabricated by the Inner Party to suppress its followers. These people live in a society that is ruled by totalitarianism, and the aim is to give the greatest good to the smaller number. As indicated by Cliffs Notes, on pages 34 and 35, the main character, Winston, like others, is expected to do his job expeditiously and receive no reward but the opportunity to live austerely for the greater good and self-perpetuation of the Inner Party.     Told in third person limited, the reader is simply allowed in-depth knowledge of the protagonist, Winston. Winston Smith, a thirty-nine year old man with a varicose ulcer, is a member of the Outer Party. He has a smallish, frail figure, the impoverishment of his body merely emphasized by the blue overalls which were the uniform of the Party. His hair was very fair, his face naturally sanguine, his skin roughened by course lash and blunt razor blades and the cold of the winter that had just ended. Winston works in the Ministry of Truth, which is concerned with news, entertainment, education, and the fine arts. He is employed in the Records Department, where his tasks consist of writing and rewriting scripts to fit the present and past which unceasingly fluctuate and add to the dominion the Party had over its members, and the history they believe in.

From The Mountains of California To The Hills of Kentucky :: Short Story Moving Traveling Essays

From The Mountains of California To The Hills of Kentucky Jose used to live in Los Angeles California. He lived there for the first ten years of his life. Los Angeles was wholly Jose ever knew. He had many friends and he loved everything near the state he lived in. When Jose was ten his family decided to move to Florence, Kentucky. Jose had to leave everything in Los Angeles and start a new life in Florence. Kentucky is different from California in many ways. There are less Hispanics in Kentucky than in California. Hardly anyone speaks Spanish in Kentucky and in California almost everyone speaks Spanish. Speaking Spanish in a retention causes everyone to turn around and looks. In California if you where to go into a store and speak Spanish nobody would care. In Kentucky there are hardly any attractions. In California, there are many of attractions and the weather is mostly blithe and warm. In Kentucky the weather is only nice for the summer and then it gets cold. There are no bea ches, and Mexico is not as close as it is in California, that is the conquer thing. How did Jose and his family end up in Kentucky? It all started like this. His uncles job decided to move away. His uncles company gave their employees a choice each to stay and have no job or to move with the company. Unfortunately, he chose to move away. His uncle didnt think the company half-bakede a fair choice, but that was the way they did it. His uncle told the whole family almost this and another of Joses uncles said his family and he would also move with him to Kentucky since he was out of a job. When Jose heard about this, he became afraid of not seeing his uncles, aunts, or my cousins anymore. He told his cousins to tell him all about Kentucky and to call and write him as much as possible. When his aunts and uncles travel away, they still kept in touch with letters and telephone calls, but it was not the same. Christmas came, Joses aunts decided to buy two airplane tickets for his sist ers to go to Kentucky. Jose got mad at his aunts for not buying him a ticket and said that he would never talk to them again but then he thought about it and thought it would be cool not to have any of his sisters around, everything would be for him and his sisters would not bug him for two weeks.

My Home :: Descriptive Essay Examples, narrative

My Home Each year millions of dollars ar spent on therapy because the great unwashed need to re-live their childhood. These people discover late in life that childhood was the time period where the most meaningful parts of life were. Things from our past dont near fade away, they are part of us, and most people greatly miss them weather they know it or not. My most meaningful place is my parents house because it is a symbol of reliving my childhood, indulging in level-headed times, and just now plain feeling at home. Childhood is the time in life where personality traits are formed and memories havent yet taken a sentimental feeling. Now that those times are gone, I remember running through the neighborhood with my friends and many early(a) happy times where I knew I was having fun. The time my brother and I were playing hockey in my living room was fun. It was a friendly game, and we level(p) had the cushions form the couch set up so nothing would get broken. Little did w e know one stray puck would have us permutation drywall at 1130 PM so our parents wouldnt see it, but, like everything else, we did it because it was enjoyment. My theory on life is, in order for something to be meaningful, you have to want it. I dont always want the irresponsible times of discovery that were my childhood back, but I do strive for the feelings I had toward life when I was there. Having a pleasant attitude all the time may not be possible this day in age, but I know its a good feeling when you can. I can recall these memories at any time, but they are especially present when I am at my home. Its not just because most of these things took place eyepatch I was at home, but because I actually feel like I can do everything again while I am there. In this aspect, my parents home is a giant playground of memories with every toy I can imagine. I dont live far from this home. Ive decided to make it a habit to visit every Sunday with the rest of my siblings that have mov ed on. I recall lots of fighting when we were children. We werent dysfunctional or anything, but like most families, the children argued.

What do you want for Christmas Essay -- Essays Papers

What do you want for Christmas Attention holiday shoppers, dont deteriorate your opportunity to have your picture taken with Santa and his Elves. And today only Macys special holiday sale Think back to last year. For the Holidays what did you give and what did you stun? I can almost guarantee you that for the chip ins you bought you either spent long hours searching a department store or long hours racking your instinct for what to buy. The perfect gift, where can I get it? And how much will it cost? Why is it that we cant dear tell someone how much we tutelage? Corporations in our society have placed such an emphasis on finding the perfect gift that we can no longer raisetle, for homemade toys. As a child what is it that you actually understand? Is it the meaning of the holiday or what the holiday brings to you? I can recall as a child footrace down the stairs to peek at what Santa had brought me. According to my religion, Christmas was meant to be a celebration for th e birth of Jesus. Instead it has become a commercial holiday base upon how much we spend on each other. We have put aside traditional values for the most part, by masking them with material gifts. Consider this. Is it any(prenominal) coincidence that most stores do a majority of their business between November and February and several major holidays fall in this range Thanksgiving, Christmas, Hanukkah, New Years and Valentines Day. What about Black Friday, the busiest shopping day of the year? On that day billions of people across our nation leave their homes to flood the malls in search of Christmas or Hanukkah gifts. This holiday season has been predicted to bring in over $180 billion. Each year the annual holiday sales rise by approximately 5%. (CNN) Stores explo... ... newer products to draw us in. If we dont go all out for the Holidays we too will become Ebinieser Scrooge or the Grinch who Stole Christmas. Our corporations have set the standards for our holiday shopping. It is something that you cannot escape. Our corporate giants have told us that in order to tell someone you care, you must go out and spend. Those who have the money make the rules. It just so happens that the ones with the money are the heads of the exact companies that you go to, with your holiday needs. They call us to their stores to shop, and like zombies we go. Trudging through the stores on our mission to buy the perfect gift and to spend, just as we have been told. Works Cited Retail Insider. Executive Decisions Systems Inc. October 1994. Lenihan, Rob, Black Friday Brings out Green. CNN America, INC. New York, November 25, 1999.

How does Dickens present his views on education in hard times? :: Free Essay Writer

How does Dickens present his views on education in hard times?Hard times is set in the 1840s in the brotherhood of England. Its set at atime when Britain is changing dramatically because of the IndustrialRevolution, which is mainly affecting this part of Britain. Thisrevolution moved much of the domesticate from the country into towns andcities, and small cramped villages were built around the factories andmills to house the workers. Dickens novel hard times was set duringthis time.Dickens uses many techniques end-to-end the novel to show his views oneducation to his readers, the first of which is to create differentcharacters, some of which contrast each other in different ways . dickensof such Characters are Sissy Jupe and Bitzer. They differ in the waysthey have been taught and the ways they see the education system.Bitzer is a model disciple, he has always stringently followed the systemand been taught exactly how the system requires him to be taught. Heis shown as lifeless and colourless, the boy was so light-eyed andlight-haired that the self-same rays appeared to draw out of him whatlittle colour he ever possessed. This gives the effect that he hasbeen drained of life and e precisething else but facts. When asked, Bitzerdescribes a Horse as a Quadruped and graminivorous and givesendless facts about the animal. Although this description is veryfactual and impressive, the use of long complex words and the amountof facts show that he has simply been taught these facts, and probablyhas never even seen a Horse. Sissy on the other hand does notunderstand how to factually define a Horse when asked, this is becauseshe has been brought up with Horses all her life and they are toofamiliar and strategic to her just to be described in facts. This isone way that Dickens tries to show to his audience that this type ofeducation is wrong, the teaching of bare facts limits the imaginationof the student and a more practical way of teaching, like Sissy hashad, would help the children understand the facts that they are beingtaught, instead of just learning them.Dickens in like manner shows the characters of some of the staff at the schoolto make his views known. Mr Gradgrind is the first to be introduced,from the onset Dickens portrays him as squared , both in hisappearance and character, he reveals little about him apart from thefact he is rigid, and has little individuality. This is emphasized bythe repletion of square and speaker, and by this he is shown to

How does Dickens present his views on education in hard times? :: Free Essay Writer

How does Dickens present his views on fostering in potent quantify?Hard times is set in the 1840s in the North of England. Its set at atime when Britain is changing dramatic eachy because of the IndustrialRevolution, which is mainly touching this part of Britain. Thisrevolution moved much of the work from the country into towns andcities, and small cramped villages were built around the factories andmills to house the workers. Dickens novel hard times was set duringthis time.Dickens uses many techniques throughout the novel to show his views oneducation to his readers, the first of which is to create differentcharacters, some of which contrast distributively other in different ways . Twoof such Characters are Sissy Jupe and Bitzer. They differ in the waysthey have been taught and the ways they see the education system.Bitzer is a model student, he has always strictly followed the systemand been taught exactly how the system requires him to be taught. Heis shown as lifeless and co lourless, the boy was so light-eyed and ash-blonde that the self-same rays appeared to draw out of him whatlittle colour he ever possessed. This gives the effect that he hasbeen drained of life and everything else but facts. When asked, Bitzerdescribes a Horse as a Quadruped and graminivorous and givesendless facts about the animal. Although this description is veryfactual and impressive, the use of long complex words and the amountof facts show that he has simply been taught these facts, and crediblyhas never even seen a Horse. Sissy on the other hand does notunderstand how to factually define a Horse when asked, this is becauseshe has been brought up with Horses all her life and they are toofamiliar and important to her just to be described in facts. This isone way that Dickens tries to show to his audience that this quality ofeducation is wrong, the teaching of bare facts limits the imaginationof the student and a more practical way of teaching, like Sissy hashad, would help the children understand the facts that they are macrocosmtaught, instead of just learning them.Dickens also shows the characters of some of the staff at the schoolto make his views known. Mr Gradgrind is the first to be introduced,from the onset Dickens portrays him as materiald , both in hisappearance and character, he reveals little about him apart from thefact he is rigid, and has little individuality. This is emphasized bythe repletion of square and speaker, and by this he is shown to

African American Cultural Assessment Essay

Abstract In order to provide cultur whollyy appropriate cargon, an examination of ones individualized views, beliefs, and prejudices must be examined. The first band of this paper will examine my personal values, beliefs, biases, and prejudices. The remaining paper will analyze the Afri back tooth American farming relating to the Ginger and Davidhizars Trans heathenish legal opinion Model cited in Hood (2010). This model uses six key cultural elements that admit communication, distance, social pipe organization, time, environment, and biological variations. This model provides a systematic approach for assessing culturally diverse clients.I will also discuss an aspect of wield that I would advocate a change in my clinical practice for the African American population. Cultural Self-Assessment Culture is one of the some basic elements that makes up the identity and personality of each individual. Every individual has their own culture grow from the community they lived in and the family they grew up making up the personal identity people entertain in the general society Personal views, aspects of reasoning and ideal and the general logical thinking of an individual are modify significantly by the culture he or she has.In this aspect, the entire well-being of a person depends greatly on his or her culture. Be advance aware of how your activitys and cultural beliefs bushel the patients that you deal with is important. Thus, a person must regularly assess himself because an action or a mere word done or spoken by a nurse can be misunderstood by these patients coming from different cultures Being an American innate(p) and lived all my life in New Bedford, Massachusetts, culture has truly affected me as a person. My mother and grandparents were born in Portugal and this gave me a variety of culture since we all know that New Bedford is a melting pot of cultures.Portugal possesses luxuriant cultural inheritance from European, African, and North American cultures. Aside from that, mainly Portuguese and Hispanic people populate the community where I live in. These further made me grow as an individual that is rich in cultural inheritance. I am a person who has a Portuguese line be on, since my grandparents were natives of Portugal and a person who grew up in a community wherein Portuguese people mainly inhabits the land. Having an ethnic identity as a Portuguese American who acquiring the Portuguese cultures and practices surrounding me molded me as to who I am now.This ethnic affiliation will always be a part of me, my friends, and my family. Each cultural belief that I introjected within has already affected how my mentality works, and how my feelings reacts. Family and friends have always served as my fortress in time of trials and onerousy. They remain as my comfort zone whenever I feel so down. They are the main support people in my life from which I extract my energy from. Adopting this belief from my parents and from the com munity I live in is one of the proofs that the culture of the people around me had affected me well.Living with people who provide high regards to friends and families will make you have the similar perspective too. My culture does not affect much my preferences with medical treatments. In line with this, being an independent person, the ends for my wellness mainly comes from me since I am the owner of this body. My family and friends will surely voice come out of the closet their concerns, only(prenominal) when it does not cerebrate that I have to follow them, I might consider it but what would really matter will be my decision for my own health. As of what I have observed in my family, oddly among my grandparents, the family is mainly a patriarch nominate of family.Decisions mainly depend on my grandad since he is the father and the man in the family. Especially among Portuguese, it was noted that people in Portugal break dances higher regards to male than to female. The y still have this belief that a charr shall always be better than woman. However, in my case, growing as an American with a Portuguese lineage, things were far more different. I grew up having giving size adequateness to democracy and sufficientity. Voices of the female are now more heard, and I think male and female are both equal. This is because I think they have equal abilities, as well as, equal rights.Living in a community filled with Portuguese people made me learn English and Portuguese. Aside from that, my grandparents demand me to learn those wordings too, especially Portuguese which is their main language in their main land. However, the primary language that I utilize in day-by-day conversation is English and the secondary language that I know is Portuguese. However, most of the time, I am comfortable with non-verbal forms of communication, especially doing hand gestures. I am more expressive with this form of communication because I think it can bring many messag es to the people that I interact with.With a mere wave of a hand, it can fork up joy, respect, accommodation, or even comfort to those people you interact with. Being a Roman Catholic is very importance to my daily life because this gives me support, comfort, and security whenever difficult situations occur. This belief helps me to cope with the trials I face by knowing that there is a supreme being up there that is in control of eitherthing. That the paragon whom I know as my Father, my King, and my Savior loves me so much and will never forsake me whatever happens.Daily life gives us opportunities to grow with our phantasmal relationship with beau ideal by walking each day with him, and applying his will and commandments in everything that we do. Foods are one of the things that I truly enjoy. I do not have any revokeions whenever it comes to food. I know how to eat a variety of foods. I do not have any food allergies that might prohibit me from eating other foods. As long a s it is clean and digestible, I can definitely give it a shot. Currently, I am in a relationship with my boyfriend of eight years who is interracial himself.My work provides me career growth and financial security that I definitely need to support myself. I have no issues with the job that I have right now, since it suffices the finances that I have. Nevertheless, of course, like anyone else, an opportunity for greener pastures will be much appreciated and entertained when it comes. Being a nurse, I am aware of all the possible medical treatments that can be done to each person experiencing illness. Even though I know how much these practices could help me survive various predicaments in health, I still prefer not to undergo through some of it in case I will encounter them in my life one day.I do not have problems taking medications and intravenous lines however, I really do not want to be intubated at end of life decisions. I know how awful it seems, and how difficult is it having a tube being addicted to me. I also do not want to live on life support because I think that such modalities only prolongs the agony that you feel. It has been my personal belief ever since that when the time comes that God wants to take the life He has given me, nothing can prevent that. As a Catholic, I weigh that birth is a gift of life from God.Thus, I definitely go against with abortion, which kills an innocent childs life. With regards to expiry, I believe that after death, the soul goes to purgatory, and God will judge you whether you will go to heaven or to hell. However, with regards to miracles and afterlife, I do not think that these are rational. As a person, I give high regard to a persons hope. I believe that hope is essential for a person to live the life we have, and to fight the everyday battles that we face. Without hope in our lives, we lose the chance of living and enjoying the life we received from God.Instead, we become a living corpse, a person who is liter ally living physically yet the inside of the heart is as cold as a corpse, because he has no hope and no joy for anything. Cultural Assessment and psychoanalysis Paper on African American Population The population that interested me to do additional research is African American population. The total population including all races and ethnicities in the United States is 308 million. After researching on the U. S. Census Bureau, I found 39 million African Americans live in the United States. One of the most glaring disparities is apparent in the African.American community, where 48% of adults suffer from a chronic disease compared to 39% of the general population (Health Reform, 2009). The CDC states that in 2004, African Americans had the highest age-adjusted all-causes death rate of all races/ethnicities (CDC, 2008). African Americans have become susceptible to many diseases and health problems throughout the last number of years. The male and female citizens of the African America n population have been struggling with high rates of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, cancer rates, stroke, diabetes, asthma and HIV/AIDS just to name a few.African Americans have numerous health risks as well such as higher incidence of homicide, lower physical activity levels, obesity, cigarette smoking, alcohol abuse, incarceration, unintended pregnancy, and untreated dental carries (Hood, 2010). Despite remarkable improvements in the overall health of our nation during the past couple of decades, compelling evidence suggests that our nations racial and honest minority African Americans suffer increasing disparities in the incidence, prevalence, mortality, and burden of diseases and adverse health outcomes compared with white Americans (Copeland, 2005).The predominant barriers to accessible health care services for African Americans include inability to pay for services, lack of transportation and childcare, decrease understanding of treatment plans and inability to incorpo rate prescribed health plans into daily living patterns (Russell & Jewell, 1992). Furthermore, the African American populations cultural beliefs and health practices have a significant impact upon their well-being regardless of their educational levels and income.Therefore, these health beliefs and practices affect practice of contemporary health-care service delivery systems even when other barriers have been eliminated. Differences in health beliefs and practices can be observed among African Americans in varying age groups, socioeconomic levels, and geographic locales. The commonalities include religious orientation, social support networks, and inform health care systems (Russell & Jewell, 1992). Religion is a focal point within the lives of African Americans. Many African Americans characterize health as a continuum evolving around mind, body, and spirit.African Americans also have large support systems including nuclear and extended families. They would sooner rely on someone who whitethorn not be related by blood or marriage than to receive help from community agencies. intimate health care systems within the African Americans community often are consulted. A study showed that African Americans used an informal social network kinda than receiving professional health care. Instead of consulting appropriate personnel, they are consulting family members and friends in regards to their personal health problems.This could be a positionor in why the health disparities in this extra population are greater than any other race or ethnicity. The Ginger and Davidhizars Transcultural Assessment Model focuses on cultural elements. The model includes six cultural phenomena communication, time, space, social organization, environmental control, and biological variations. These provide a framework for patient assessment and from which culturally sensitive care can be designed. In the following paragraphs, I will begin to talk about each key element and how it corr esponds to the African American population.Communication is meaningful because of the culture that frames it, and culture must be expressed to exist. Communication is seen as a problematic part of cultural affiliation and not as caused or predicted by affiliation. Miscommunication is a frequent problem in hospitals. The most obvious is when the patient and hospital staff does not speak the same language. Although the dominant language spoken among African Americans is English, there is a way of speaking among some African Americans that sociolinguists refer to as African American English (AAE) (Campinha-Bacote, 2009).These terms include Black English, Ebonics, Black Vernacular English (BEV), and African American Vernacular English (AAVE) (Campinha-Bacote, 2009). They also prefer the use of nonverbal communication. Therefore, as nurses we should be able to provide care to African Americans without there being a language barrier introduce. In addition, a head nod does not necessarily mean agreement and when asked personal questions on initial contact with a person it may be viewed in their eyes as intrusive. Space refers to the distance in the midst of individuals when they interact.All communication occurs in the context of space. There are four distinct zones of interpersonal space intimate, personal, social and consultative, and public. Research on use of space among African Americans is mixed. Some studies indicate that, in race-matched pairs, black children will stand closer to each other during conversation than white children do. Other research has shown that African American adults employ a greater public distance from each other than compared when interacting with family and friends.They also prefer close personal space and touching some others hair is considered improper. African Americans tend to be late for appointments because relationships and events may be deemed more important than being on time. Social organization refers to the mien in whic h a cultural group organizes itself around the family group. Family structure and organization, religious values and beliefs, and role assignments may all relate to ethnicity and culture. African Americans have many female single-parent families. They are also known for large extended families, in which elders are respected.There preferred religion is Protestant (Baptist), bulk of African Americans have a strong church and social affiliations. In 2005, the National Institutes of Health urged African Americans to use family reunions as venues for discussions about diabetes and kidney diseasediseases that disproportionately affect this group (McCoy, 2011). Time is an important aspect of interpersonal communication. Time orientation varies according to age, socioeconomics, and subgroups and may include past, present, or future orientation.Preventive health care requires some future time orientation because preventive actions are motivated by a future reward. African Americans time orie ntation is present over future. Environmental control refers to the ability of the person to control nature and to plan and direct factors in the environment that affect them. African Americans have traditionalistic health and illness beliefs. They also are known to use folk medicine the folk healers are root workers. Some African Americans, particularly of Haitian background, may believe in sympathetic magic.Sympathetic magic assumes everything is interconnected and includes the practice of imitative and contagious magic. Contagious magic entails the belief that once an entity is physically connected to another, it can never be separated. This type of belief is seen in the practice of voodoo, when an individual will take a piece of the victims hair or fingernail and place a hex, which they believe will cause the person to become ill (Campinha-Bacote, 2009). To African Americans God is thought to be the spectral healer. Biological differences, especially genetic variations, exist between individuals in different racial groups.Although there is as much diversity within cultural and racial groups as there is across and among cultural and racial groups, knowledge of general baseline data relative to the specific cultural group is an excellent kickoff point to provide culturally appropriate care. Nutritional preferences for African Americans include fried foods, and among pregnant women pica ingestion. African Americans are susceptible to many health conditions such as keloid formation, lactose intolerance, sickle cell anemia, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, thalassemia, sarcoidosis, hypertension, coccidioidomycosis, esophagus and stomach cancers.African Americans are at greater risk for many diseases, especially those associated with low income, stressful life conditions, lack of access to primary health care, and negating health behaviors (Campinha-Bacote, 2009). The greatest risk factor for cardiovascular disease and heart attacks amongst Afric an Americans is hypertension. Compared with hypertension in other ethnic groups, hypertension among African Americans is more severe, more resistant to treatment, and begins at a younger age, and the consequence is significantly worse, including organ damage (Brewster, Van Montfrans, & Kleijnen, 2004).African Americans also have an overall higher cancer incidence and mortality rate than any other race African Americans suffer from certain genetic conditions. Sickle cell disease is the most common genetic disorder among the African-American population, affecting one in every 500 African Americans. In addition to sickle cell disease, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, which interferes with glucose metabolism, is another genetic disease found among African Americans (Caminha-Bacote, 2009).African Americans also metabolized certain drugs otherwise such as immunosuppressants, antihypertensive, cardiovascular, antiretroviral, psychotropic drugs. After reading through several articles and journals regarding African Americans there are many areas that I would advocate for change but if I had to choose just one, I would pick HIV/AIDS. Many African-Americans are at high risk for HIV infection, not because of their race or ethnicity, but because of the behaviors, they may engage in.As with other ethnic/racial groups, HIV risk depends not on who you are, but on whether you engage in risk-taking behaviors with an HIV positive partner, and whether you have access to care, education and taproom services. The greater number of people living with HIV in African American communities and the fact that African Americans tend to have sex with partners of the same race/ethnicity means that they face greater risk of HIV infection with each new sexual encounter (CDC, 2011). Lack of awareness of HIV status can affect HIV rates in communities.Late diagnosis of HIV infection is common, which creates lose opportunities to obtain early medical care and prevention of transm ission to others (CDC, 2011). This disease/illness can be prevented if maximizing the effectiveness of current HIV prevention methods. Implementing programs that teach individuals how to get tested for HIV and prevent the spread of the infection to others. The CDC has set up numerous activities within the communities to address prevention and spread of HIV. For example, The practice against AIDS campaign encourages African American women to get tested for HIV.In 2010, the CDC also began an Expanded Testing Initiative (ETI) for individuals to be tested for HIV. Even though there are multiple resources available to the African American population, I believe stigma, fear, and discrimination are a risk factor in which why they are afraid to be tested. Working in a hospital facility for almost over a year already, I have only been across two individuals who were tested for HIV/AIDS. After learning so much about African Americans and their numerous health disparities this particular infe ction, can be prevented.It amazes me that in 2009, black men accounted for 70% of the estimated new HIV infections among all blacks. By the end of 2008, an estimated 240,627 blacks with an AIDS diagnosis had died in the U. S. (CDC, 2011). After researching African Americans this particular race/ethnicity bares the most health disparities of all. A major aspect is the quality of the relationship with a health care provider, which is linked to patient satisfaction, adherence, and health outcomes. If African Americans feel that their provider has been, disrespectful they may not return for treatment, may try another provider, or may change their health care plans.This may be an enormous reason why the health disparities are the way they are in African Americans. Success in eliminating disparities in health care access and utilization requires all professionals to critically examine their own biases and to adopt the values and behaviors needed for social change. References Brewster, L. , Van Montfrans, G. , & Kleijnen, J. (2004). Systematic review Antihypertensive drug therapy in Black patients. Annals of Internal Medicine, 14(18), 614-627. Campinha-Bacote, J. (2009). Culture and Diversity Issues A Culturally Competent Model of Care for African Americans.Urologic Nursing, 29(1), 49-54. Center for Disease comptroller and Prevention. (2008). Highlights in Minority Health & Health Disparities. Retrieved from http//www. cdc. gov/omhd/Highlights/2008/HFeb08. htm Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2011). HIV among African Americans. Retrieved from http//www. cdc. gov/hiv/topics/aa/PDF/aa. pdf Copeland, V. C. (2005). African Americans Disparities in Health Care gate and Utilization. National Association of Social Workers, 30(3), 265-270. Health Reform. (2009). Health Disparities A Case for Closing the Gap. Retrieved from http//www. healthreform.gov/reports/healthdisparities/ Hood, L. , Leddy, S. (2010) Conceptual Bases of Professional Nursing (7ed. ) Philadelp hia Lippincott William & Wilkins. McCoy, R. (2011). African American Elders, Cultural Traditions, and the Family Reunion. Generations-Journal of the American Society on Aging, 35(3), 16-21. Russel, K. , Jewell, N. (1992). Cultural Impact of Health-Care Access Challenges for Improving the Health of African Americans. Journal of Community Health Nursing, 9(3), 161-169. U. S. Census Bureau. (2010). County Business Patterns and Demographics. Retrieved from http//www. census. gov/cbdmap/.

Australia’s Economic Objective of Resource Allocation Essay

The object of efficient resource all(prenominal)ocation refers to an economys ability to meet its obligations in ensuring that all social and economic objectives are met without waste, for example to allocate resources so that they are distributed efficiently to improve the standard or living.This is the only way that we can underwrite that we will be able to maximize the routine of goods and services that we are able to lead. In addition, we will also be to a greater extent likely to attempt the long term availability of the resources that are currently available to us.The current target for force target concerning labor is 1.5-2% per year or much.Thus, the economic objective of efficiency in resource allocation exists when our productive inputs are used to create the highest possible value of national takings (ie GDP is at its highest level). In turn, having more G&S available helps to ensure the maximum satisfaction of our societys needs and wants.In Economics, we disting uish between four various types of efficiency1.Productive (or Technical) efficiency Is about homes producing G&S using the least-cost method and by minimizing the quantity of resources used. This is perhaps the easiest type of efficiency to understand. In this instance, we are concerned in ensuring that any time we produce a good or service we are able to do so by using the smallest number of resources. If I use a tree to make four cricket bats, and you can produce five cricket bats from a tree of the equal size, then your productive efficiency is better than mine. Another example is also sometimes a higher level of investment spending by firms on current equipment rather than simply employing more staff is the cheapest way to lift output per worker.2.Allocative efficiency ensures that resources are only used to make those particular types of G&S that best satisfy societys needs and wants. That is, we want to produce those things most desired by the community first. This is a pr oblem experience by many of the worlds poorer countries,especially those which suffer from poor governance. Corrupt leaders will often use a countries scarce resources to provide elaborate palaces, rather than ensuring that their people have access to clean drinking water. This is very poor allocative efficiency.3.Dynamic efficiency entails that firms are able to respond quickly to changing economic circumstances. To be self-propellingally efficient means that firms are aware of the changing circumstances, and they are able to adapt to meet those saucily needs and tastes of customers. For example, as technology has improved, many businesses have elected to adopt computers. This has involved buying the hardware, choosing the correct software and training the staff. In going through this process, the firm is demonstrating their dynamic efficiency.4.Inter-temporal efficiency means that there is a suitable balance between resources being allocated towards current consumption and sav ing that becomes available to finance future investment.Causes of efficiency of resource allocationCyclical changes in domestic economic activity resulting from changes in demand side conditions that affect efficiency in resource allocation. impart side structural causes of changes in labor in lobular and cap productivity.Demand Side CYCLICAL FactorsIf levels of AD and EA slow star(p) to a recession ( collectable to weak demand-side conditions like drops in business confidence/consumer), labor efficiency can suffer for at least 4 reasons.1.Firms are reluctant to advise experienced staff during a slowdown of sales, as they hope that recovery is not far away and thus save them the cost of hiring and training new staff. This leads to over staffing which lowers the level of output per hour worked.2.Prolonged or severe cyclical recessions in EA causes higher cyclicalunemployment as staff are cut in numbers, slowing down efficiency pass judgment because more of labor resources are id le.3. seam confidence about sales and profits, once down, can partly cause recession. This causes the firm to cut investment on new P&E with new technology, consequently productivity slows.4.Cyclical slowdown in domestic productivity sometimes follows trends in the level of EA and productivity overseas.Productivity also slows when there is an inflationary boom following cyclical rises in the level of domestic economic activity. This is true when the gain in AD exceeds the economoys productive capacity. Productivity may slow down in this situation.1. Workers may not work as hard as they feel secure in the jobs when the economy is stretched to its capacity. Abseentisms can rise, along with strikes and industrial unrest, cutting efficiency.2. When the economy is at its full capacity, there can be change magnitude returns resulting from equipment breakdowns, labor shortages, leading to less(prenominal) efficient natural, labor and capital resources.3. Rapid inflation can undermine bus iness confidence, leading to reduced investment in new technology and equipment, slowing efficiency.4. Investment used for expanding the business through plant & equipment can be pumped into less productive or more speculative areas (eg real estate and stock market activities.) This is a mis allocation of resources that slows down productivity.So, when EA is weak imputable to reduced level of AD, productivity falls collectible to pessimism, reduced investment, unemployed resources, and labor hoarding. However, at the opposite extreme, excessively strong spending and EA means that productivity suffers from the above reasons.Productivity is likely to be maximized when AD and domestic EA are at ideal levels and demand side conditions are positive but are neither too weak nor too strong.Business Confidence Optimism of business (eg consumer confidence, household disposable incomes) has a cyclical impact on efficiency. This results in the business investing in new equipment with lates t technology, leading to the worker having a greater value/amount of machinery to use in the production process than previously (capital deepening), thus raises theh level of GDP per hour worked. interest group Rates Higher business overdraft means that firms are more reluctant to borrow in order to purchase new, more efficient plant equipment due to increased repayments. Investment thus is reduced and productivity slows.Company Tax Rates Impacts the level of the firms investment spending. Reduced tax rates increased investment spending and better productivity.Supply Side Structural FactorsSupply factors are far more significant than demand factors when we are considering the impact that certain(prenominal) events will have on our ability to allocate our resources efficiently. If you think about this for a moment it is logical write out factors are those things that affect the ability and willingness of producers to supply a good or service at a given price.When the US economy experiences an increase in AG, we should see an increase in output without any pressure on productive capacity that may result in inflation. This is a sign that resources are being allocated more efficiently.As a result, we can conclude that any factor that will lead to an increase in aggregate supply will also lead to a more efficient allocation of resources.For example during the 1990s the Australian economy saw the introduction of technology on a larger scale. This improvement in capital assets, combined with the necessary support in the form of training for the workforce, resulted in significant improvements in productivity, showing that resources were allocated more efficiently.Climatic conditions Drought and below add up rainfall (2002-03 06-07), floods, cyclones (coastal Northern QLD 2006) impacted efficiency in resource allocation because national output is reduced far more than the volume of inputs of labor or capital resources. Drought also had an impact in the efficien cy in water, gas and electricity sectors that is, the same labor inputs have been used but less output has been produced.Sporting events (Before and After) Events like the Sydney Olympics (2000) and Melbs Commonwealth Games (06) may have helped in slowing productivity. Studies show during these events that worker efficiency fell perhaps due to distractions and telecasts and worker fatigue from watching TV replays at night.Changing rates of investment in new technology Investment spending on new P&E like ICT and robotics occurs in waves or cycles, that is, speeds up or slows down. After the flurry of robotics, electronics and computer and internet based technologies in the mid-late 1990s, many late(a) innovations have been far less significant, tending to slow efficiency. However fairly recent spending on R&D as a harmonise of GDP from 1.51 to 1.78% b/w 200-1 and 2004-05 is a sign that US productivity will rise again.BIBLIOGRAPHYwww.abs.gov.auMorris, Economics Down Under 2nd Editi on

Impact Of Globalization On Urbane Culture

civilisation has more meanings. As a practical human activity, it is an inherent part of both individual and collective development, from the education of a adept electric razor to the finest artistic expression of entire peoples and nations. Culture in addition refers to the customs of a given society, especially as reflected in its social institutions and practices, including social and policy-making cheek and religion. Even in the nineteenth century, cities at the centre of media, financial, and manufacturing networks led the globose symbolic economy of the time.Cultural innovations in those days spread by office of exports of brisk products and models, and of images published in novelspapers and magazines. It took weeks or months for these images to reach distant regions. Today, innovations travel at much corkinger speed via airplane, satellite and the internet. Easier import and export of gardening helps pagan groups living away from their homes to maintain their cultural identity, while exposing those in their home countries to new cultural stimuli.In earlier years, people moved between the comparatively unsubdivided spaces of home, work and neighborhood, all of which repayd bonds based on ethnimetropolis and social class. Networks and institutions of sociability directly shaped local cultures. Today, urban residents commute over great distances to go to work. Through television, film, the internet and popular magazines, rich and poor a equivalent see images of affluence and modernity and compare them with their own lives.The inability to escape these three-fold images and sources of study can be disconcerting and may sometimes lead to local resistance against what is confinesed cultural globalization. Access to more images and information also enriches the worldwide culture of cities. The idea of using culture as a motor of urban economic growth reflects cities transition from manufacturing to more flexible, design and knowledge-bas ed production.Since commodious industries like steel and automobiles based on standardized mass production have fallen, one by one, to competition from low-cost locations, attention has focused on cultural industries flexible industries that value knowledge, information and technology. Most cultural industries are located in cities. A dense population and concentration of skills allow them to bring out upon indubitable human resources, and a citys usual history of tolerance and social diversity offers intangible sources of inspiration and experimentation. What is expected of the new global city?As noted earlier, globalization has introduced new cultures as well as fusion of old and new ones in cities. Already evident in many cities in advanced economies, these new urban cultures are likely to emerge more and more in the developing world. They provide new forms of what we may term consumption spaces, including fusion in their design and architecture, partly under the influence of intensified shopping all over the world. A feature of these new spaces is their enclosure, which tends to reinforce social exclusion within cities. They also, increasingly, signal the transition of a citys status to global.Impact Of Globalization On Urbane CultureCulture has many meanings. As a practical human activity, it is an inherent part of both individual and collective development, from the education of a single child to the finest artistic expression of entire peoples and nations. Culture also refers to the customs of a given society, especially as reflected in its social institutions and practices, including social and political organization and religion. Even in the nineteenth century, cities at the centre of media, financial, and manufacturing networks led the global symbolic economy of the time.Cultural innovations in those days spread by means of exports of new products and models, and of images published in newspapers and magazines. It took weeks or months for these i mages to reach distant regions. Today, innovations travel at much greater speed via airplane, satellite and the internet. Easier import and export of culture helps ethnic groups living away from their homes to maintain their cultural identity, while exposing those in their home countries to new cultural stimuli.In earlier years, people moved between the relatively simple spaces of home, work and neighborhood, all of which reinforced bonds based on ethnicity and social class. Networks and institutions of sociability directly shaped local cultures. Today, urban residents commute over great distances to go to work. Through television, film, the internet and popular magazines, rich and poor alike see images of affluence and modernity and compare them with their own lives.The inability to escape these multiple images and sources of information can be disconcerting and may sometimes lead to local resistance against what is termed cultural globalization. Access to more images and informati on also enriches the cosmopolitan culture of cities. The idea of using culture as a motor of urban economic growth reflects cities transition from manufacturing to more flexible, design and knowledge-based production.Since massive industries like steel and automobiles based on standardized mass production have fallen, one by one, to competition from low-cost locations, attention has focused on cultural industries flexible industries that value knowledge, information and technology. Most cultural industries are located in cities. A dense population and concentration of skills allow them to draw upon tangible human resources, and a citys usual history of tolerance and social diversity offers intangible sources of inspiration and experimentation. What is expected of the new global city?As noted earlier, globalization has introduced new cultures as well as fusion of old and new ones in cities. Already evident in many cities in advanced economies, these new urban cultures are likely to emerge more and more in the developing world. They provide new forms of what we may term consumption spaces, including fusion in their design and architecture, partly under the influence of intensified shopping all over the world. A feature of these new spaces is their enclosure, which tends to reinforce social exclusion within cities. They also, increasingly, signal the transition of a citys status to global.

How well do you communicate Essay

I am considered to be a communicative person who established an superior raport with others. I am able to listen deeply to people,to help them ,to share my experience with them. Many of them put me I am a good meeter and when I talk they usually listen to me. What is essential for a good communication? You need to take into consideration the point of view of others. I measure their opinion,but I respect my opinion as well.. I understand how people interpret my communicative style and I am able to avoid misunderstanding. I sometimes handle children hassles effectively.People usually understand my thoughts and I can nderstand theirs.. The tone of my voice sometimes communicates how I feel about my partner. Determining a communication problem is not very hard for me and I am often able to resolve it. I usually speak in a gentle manner,to give an impression of kindness. I often stay calm in tense situations. I can express my feelings and tell people stodgy to me how much I care abo ut them. My relationship with my family is full of emotion and devotion. Many people think I am a friendly and heroical person. I often know how to cooperate with them and they usually do what I want them to do.Read moreReasons why people communicateessayHowever,I ask not always been so successful. I was shy when I was younger and did not speak with assertion. It was hard for me to express my thoughts,it was hard for others to know how I matte up about something. Later,I improved my communication skills. During my experience,I began to speak louder and people could understand me. I listened to others more carefully. I learned that it is important to avoid passive style of communication. I also learned to speak with more assertion because my own opinion is as important as the opinion of other people.I usually tell people to stay calm in unpleasant situations in order to avoid misunderstanding or aggressive communication. This style enables me to communicate effectively. I spy tha t my body language and some gestures I made earlier affected my communication in a bad way. Eye contact is extremely important as it shows respect and interest for the person you are talking to. In addition to this,posture is another important aspect of dealing with others and sometimes it affected my communication. I learned to get my posture right which made me feel better.By finding out the major cause of communication breakdown,I could easily improve it. existence aware of the importance of a successful communication,I am trying to find the ways to improve my communication skills. For example,using body language may lead to peachy communication. This is especially useful when I am not sure how to start a conversation. In addition to this,I need to be clear about what I want to communicate. I also need to be confident that the information if useful and accurate. By successfully getting my message accross,I convey my thoughts effectively .